ملخصات كتب سودانية ’’ببلوغرافيا‘‘
كتاب جديد عن تاريخ السودان الحديث
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السودان وأهل السودان - أسرار السياسة وخفايا المجتمع https://www.kutub-pdf.com/assets/bim....net_j5Npf.jpg اقتباس:
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الإسلام والعربية في السودان دراسات في الحضارة واللغة
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الديمقراطية في الميزان - محمد احمد المحجوب صدر في العام 1974م باللغة الإنجليزية وتم ترجمته في نفس العام الكتاب في مجمله يتحدث علي مواقف واحداث صنعها المؤلف او عايشها بحكم مسئولياته إبان توليه رئاسة الوزراء او عندما كان زعيم المعارضة في حقبة الديمقراطية الثانية .. كتاب جدير بأن يقرأهـ الجميع خاصة الجيل القادم ليطلع علي إرث السودان .. اقتباس:
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Lost Nubia - A Centennial Exhibit of Photographs from thert Ebook) LOST NUBIA A CENTENNIAL EXHIBIT OF PHOTOGRAPHS FROM THE 1905–1907 EGYPTIAN EXPEDITION OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO John A. Larson Library of Congress Control Number 2005939018 ISBN: 1-885923-45-7 ©2006 by The University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Published 2006. Printed in the United States of America. The Oriental Institute, Chicago Oriental Institute Museum Publications No. 24 For Robert and Kenneth and in Memory of Neil Front Cover Illustration: Photograph 45. Pyramid and Chapel of a Meroitic King Decorative Design on Endsheets and Elsewhere: Painted Design on a Nubian Pot. OIM 22658 Back Cover Illustration: Photograph 17. Photographing from the Top of a Colossus Printed by United Graphics Incorporated, Mattoon, Illinois. The paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of American National Standard for Information Service — Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials, ANSI Z39.48-1984 TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGMENTS .................................................. .................................................. ................... v INTRODUCTION: Lost Nubia: A Centennial Exhibit of Photographs from the 1905–1907 Egyptian Expedition of the University of Chicago .................................................. ............. vii EPILOGUE .................................................. .................................................. ......................................... xi MAP .................................................. .................................................. .................................................. .. xiii THE PHOTOGRAPHS 1. The Cliff Tombs at Aswan from the Island of Elephantine .................................................. ..... 2 2. Looking toward the Nile along the Main Axis of Dakka Temple ............................................... 4 3. The Temple of Dendur from the Nile River .................................................. ............................ 6 4. Ruins of the Forecourt of the Temple of Ptah at Gerf Husein .................................................. 8 5. Osiride Pillars in the Hall of the Temple of Ptah at Gerf Husein .............................................. 10 6. Sand-filled Courts in the Temple of Ramesses II at El-Sebua .................................................. .. 12 7. The Beginning of the Avenue of Sphinxes at the Temple of El-Sebua ....................................... 14 8. Photographing at the Temple of Abahuda (Gebel Adda) .................................................. ......... 16 9. Interior of the Temple of Abahuda (Gebel Adda) .................................................. .................... 18 10. General View of Qasr Ibrim from the West .................................................. ............................. 20 11. Ruins of the Christian Cathedral on the Summit of Qasr Ibrim ............................................... 22 12. Graffiti of Elephants and Giraffes on Rocks at El-Egeba .................................................. ......... 24 13. A Royal Graffito of the Late Middle Kingdom, Found at Molokab ........................................... 26 14. The “Famine Stela” on the Island of Seheil .................................................. ............................. 28 15. General View of the Temples of Abu Simbel .................................................. ........................... 30 16. Photographing Rock-cut Stelae at Abu Simbel .................................................. ......................... 32 16a. The Rock-cut Stelae, as Photographed from the Mast of the Dahabiyah .................................... 33 17. Photographing from the Top of a Colossus .................................................. ............................. 34 17a. Colossus IV from the Head of Colossus II .................................................. .............................. 35 18. Photographing in the Interior of the Great Temple at Abu Simbel ........................................... 36 18a. Relief of the Battle of Kadesh .................................................. .................................................. 37 19. View from the Fort on Top of the Island of Uronarti, Looking North ...................................... 38 20. Copying Nile Level Records at Semna .................................................. ..................................... 40 21. Rock-cut Graffiti Recording the Heights of the Nile Flood .................................................. ..... 42 22. Room in the Temple of Khnum at Semna East (Kumma), before Clearance ............................. 44 22a. The Votive Stela of Nehi, Viceroy of Nubia .................................................. ............................. 45 23. The Temple of Amun and Amunhotep III at Soleb .................................................. ................. 46 24. Leaving the House of the Omdeh at Sarkamatto .................................................. ....................... 48 25. Hippopotamus Heads Hanging from a Tree at Sarkamatto .................................................. ..... 50 26. Caravan of the Expedition, Ready to Depart .................................................. ........................... 52 27. Furling Sail in the Upper Narrow of the Kagbar Cataract .................................................. ....... 54 28. Photographing the Great Stela of Thutmose I at Tumbos .................................................. ....... 56 28a. Upper Part of the Victory Stela of Thutmose I .................................................. ........................ 57 LOST NUBIA iv 29. A Teacher Holding Class in a Village on the Island of Argo .................................................. ... 58 29a. In Line 223 of the Expedition’s Photo Register Breasted Recorded the Name of the Teacher in Arabic .................................................. .................................................. ................... 59 30. A Saqiya near the Town of Kareima .................................................. ......................................... 60 31. Men Eating in a Field near the Town of Hafir .................................................. ......................... 62 32. Fields and Village of Barkal from the Top of Gebel Barkal .................................................. ..... 64 33. Funeral Ceremonies in the Shadow of the Sacred Mountain .................................................. .. 66 34. Excavating in the Large Rock Temple at Gebel Barkal .................................................. ............. 68 35. Excavating in the Ruins of the Large Rock Temple at Gebel Barkal .......................................... 70 36. Inside the Large Rock Temple at Gebel Barkal .................................................. ........................ 72 37. Head of an Unfinished Granite Colossus at Gebel Barkal .................................................. ...... 74 38. Bird’s-eye View of Pyramids from the Summit of Gebel Barkal ................................................. 76 39. A Nubian Queen Receiving Homage in a Relief at Napata .................................................. ..... 78 40. Nubian Children from Barkal Village .................................................. ...................................... 80 41. Shooting the Amrahwa Rapids in the Fourth Cataract .................................................. ........... 82 42. Camp near the Fourth Cataract of the Nile .................................................. ............................. 84 43. A Bishari Camel Driver and His Sons .................................................. ..................................... 86 44. Breaking Camp at Meroe .................................................. .................................................. ....... 88 45. Pyramid and Chapel of a Meroitic King .................................................. .................................. 90 46. A Meroitic King Smiting Captives .................................................. ........................................... 92 47. A Meroitic Queen Receives Offerings .................................................. ...................................... 94 48. The Temples of Naga .................................................. .................................................. .............. 96 49. A Nubian King Smites His Enemies .................................................. ........................................ 98 50. Close-up of a Recumbent Ram from an Avenue of Sphinxes at Naga ....................................... 100 51. A Sudanese Family at Naga .................................................. .................................................. .... 102 52. Bisharin Tents near Naga .................................................. .................................................. ....... 104 INDEX OF GEOGRAPHICAL NAMES .................................................. ............................................ 109 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS “Lost Nubia: A Centennial Exhibit of Photographs from the 1905–1907 Egyptian Expedition of the University of Chicago” was made possible because of the vision of James Henry Breasted, who organized the University of Chicago expedition and realized the importance of producing a record of endangered monuments in what was then an extremely remote part of the world—Egyptian and Sudanese Nubia. A century later, we can still appreciate the foresight of Breasted’s plan. To his name must be added those of the other participants of the expedition: photographers Friedrich Koch and Horst Schliephack, engineer Victor Smith Persons, epigrapher Norman de Garis Davies, Frances Hart Breasted, and Charles Breasted. This catalog of the exhibit would not have been possible without the support of Gil Stein, Director of the Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago, and the members of the Oriental Institute Publications Committee, Janet H. Johnson, Theo P. J. van den Hout, and Geoff Emberling. The author would like to thank the following for their comments, criticisms, and assistance at various stages along the way: Wendy Ennes, Stephen P. Harvey, Thomas James, Carole Krucoff, Peter Der Manuelian, Robert K. Ritner, Emily Teeter, and Bruce Williams. Robert Ritner deserves special credit for working with the curator of the exhibit to narrow down the list of more than 1,200 photographic images to a more manageable two hundred. Throughout the process, the Museum Director of the Oriental Institute, Geoff Emberling, has created a positive working environment for the production of both the exhibit and the illustrated catalog. The final selection of fifty-two images is due largely to his efforts. The photographic enlargements from the original expedition negatives have been made especially for the exhibit by Jean M. Grant in the Oriental Institute darkroom, and Markus Dohner has designed the installation for the Marshall and Doris Holleb Family Special Exhibits Gallery of the Oriental Institute Museum. The digital scans of the photographic images for this catalog were done from the original negatives by the author. As the deadline for publication of the catalog approached, Thomas Urban and Leslie Schramer of the Oriental Institute Publications Office brought their talents and experience to the process of designing, laying out, formatting, and copy editing the text for publication, and the author would like to acknowledge their efforts with special thanks. INTRODUCTION LOST NUBIA A CENTENNIAL EXHIBIT OF PHOTOGRAPHS FROM THE 1905–1907 EGYPTIAN EXPEDITION OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO NUBIA is the name of the land in northeastern Africa directly south of Egypt. It stretches along the banks of the Nile River between the First and Sixth Cataracts—those rocky places in the channel of the river that make navigation difficult. Only a short distance on either side of the river, Nubia is hemmed in by inhospitable deserts. The place-name Nubia is almost certainly derived from the ancient Egyptian word nwb (pronounced “noob”), meaning “gold.” Nubia was a plentiful source of the precious metal for the ancient Egyptians. At times, the territory was under the political domination of Egypt, while at other times it was an independent rival state. From about 772 to 656 BC, Nubian kings ruled Egypt as its Twenty-fifth Dynasty. Today, the region is a sparsely populated area straddling the border between Egypt and Sudan. Lower Nubia, between the First and Second Cataracts, lies in Egypt; Upper Nubia, between the Second and Sixth Cataracts, is part of northern Sudan. The earliest-known Nubian culture, called the “A-Group,” flourished from about 3500 to 3100 BC. The A-Group people occupied villages in Lower Nubia between the First and Second Cataracts of the Nile, and our knowledge of them comes primarily from archaeological excavations of their cemeteries in the area. It is believed that the A-Group people served as trading partners with the Egyptians by transporting exotic products from tropical East Africa through their territory to the Egyptian trading post at Aswan. The A-Group people seem to disappear from the archaeological record about 3100 BC, during the time of the First Dynasty of Egypt. Little is known about the people who lived in Lower Nubia following the end of the A-Group culture. Some scholars believe in the existence of a “B-Group” in Lower Nubia during the period between 3100 and 2250 BC. From about 2250 to 1550 BC, a people now known as the “C-Group” settled in the area of Lower Nubia formerly occupied by the A-Group. Dwelling in scattered villages along the Nile, C-Group people built round houses, and their cemeteries contain circular graves, as well. Attracted by Nubian gold, cattle, and slaves, Egyptian armies of the Middle Kingdom built a series of forts in Lower Nubia, and the Egyptian kings of the Twelfth Dynasty exercised political control over the territory by means of these garrison towns. More or less contemporary with the C-Group are a people known as the “Pan-Grave” culture (about 2500 to 1500 BC), who were given the name because of their burial practices, which included a type of circular pan-shaped shallow grave. The Medjay—a tribe of nomads of the Eastern Desert, known from the Egyptian records—may have been the group of people who buried their dead in the pan-graves. The Medjay were known for their skill with the bow and arrow; they served with distinction in Egyptian armies and police forces. Pan-graves have been excavated in Egypt, as well as in Lower Nubia. About 2000 BC, a Nubian state based at Kerma, a town just south of the Third Cataract, began to expand northward and southward along the Nile River. Between 1800 and 1550 BC, the armies of Kerma occupied the Egyptian forts in Lower Nubia, which had been abandoned at the end of the Middle Kingdom. Near the end of the period, the prince of Kerma nearly succeeded in establishing a military alliance with the Hyksos, the Canaanite rulers of northern Egypt. Despite failure to gain a foothold in Egypt, Kerma became, for a time, the center of a trading network that included tropical East Africa, the Red Sea, and the eastern Mediterranean. The principal town of Kerma became a bustling city 1 رابط الكتاب |
يا الله يا الله يا الله عليك يا المحسي
إن شاء الله يوم شكرك ما يجي ياخ أشكر معاليك علي هذه الهدايا القييييييييييمة و الغالية أشكرك بحق |
ألف شكر يا المحسي،
إضافاتك دايما قيمة ومفيدة |
ياخ شكرا جميلاً علي البوست المتعة..
ياريت تواصل |
بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم
سلام يا المحسى ، أتابع ما تكتبه باعجاب ومحبة ، وفى الذاكرة بوست لك عن القراءة وإمكانية تبادل الكتب ، الود كله |
سلام الله يغشاكم جميعا ..
كل من عبر من هنا .. وتحية خاصة للإخوة ناصر وعكود والجيلى والنور الكتب كثيرة ... اتمني ان اجد من الوقت ما الخص به هذه الكتب واقدم هذه الكتب مكتملة بصيغة (البي دي اف) .. حتي تكون الفائدة اشمل ... اقتباس:
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يسعدني أن وجدت ما يفيدك في هذا البوست .. واقول ليك جراب الحاوي ملان ’’مليان‘‘ ربنا إن مد في العمر سوف تجد الكثير الكثير .. وإليك والي الجميع الكتاب الذي اثار ضجة كبيرة في وقته المجتمع السوداني ما بين مؤيد ومعارض .. كتاب د. المكاشفي طه الكباشي .. خاصة وإنه كان رئيس محكمة الإستئناف التي أيدت حكم محكمة الموضوع ... في القضية الأشهر علي مستوي محاكم السودان ، ألا وهي قضية الأستاذ / محمود محمد طه .. أي ما سمية بمحكمة الردة .. ينقسم الكتاب الي ثلاثة فصول - بعدد 165 صفحة من الحجم المتوسط الفصل الاول : حول إسلامية القوانين التي صدرت الفصل الثاني : عن الشبهات التي اثيرت حول تطبيق الشريعة الإسلامية والرد عليها . الفصل الثالث : حول اشهر الأحكام في قضايا بعينها كانت محل تعليق وإثارة . في صفحة 90 بناء علي ما تقدم تقرر محكمة الإستئناف الجنائية الآتي : 1/ تأييد الإدانة والعقوبة بالإعدام شنقا حتي الموت حدا وتعزيرا علي المحكوم عليه محمود محمد طه علي الا يصلي عليه ولا يدفن في مقابر المسلمين ، وتكون أمواله فيئا للمسلمين بعد قضاء دينه وما عليه من حقوق . 2/ تأييد الإدانة والعقوبة علي المحكوم عليهم الأربعة الآخرين بالإعدام شنقا حتي الموت حدا ، علي أن يمهلوا مدة شهر كامل بغرض التوبة والرجوع الي حظيرة الدين الإسلامي إقتداءا بما قضي به امير المؤمنين علي بن ابي طالب ، وينتدب لهم طائفة من علماء المسلمين لمراجعتهم . 3/ إعتبار جماعة الجمهوريين طائفة كافرة ومرتدة ،وتعامل معاملة طوائف الكفر في كافة المعاملات . صفحة 91 4/ مصادرة كل كتب ومطبوعات محمود محمد طه وكتب الجمهوريين من جميع المكتبات بغرض إبادتها مع منع تداولها وطبعها في كافة المطابع . 5/ حظر نشاط وتجمعات الجمهوريين في كافة انحاء البلاد . 6/ ترفع الأوراق للسيد رئيس الجمهورية للتأييد . 1 - د. المكاشفي طه الكباشي رئيس محكمة الإستئناف الجنائية العاصمة القومية 2 - احمد محجوب حاج نور عضو محكمة الإستئناف الجنائية العاصمة القومية 3 - محمد سرالختم ماجد عضو محكمة الإستئناف الجنائية العاصمة القومية |
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